tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26083148503038548682024-02-20T16:05:23.600-08:00Sweetest BondSweetest Bondhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01458027807190201101noreply@blogger.comBlogger22125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2608314850303854868.post-50183486010878099912013-06-10T14:04:00.001-07:002013-06-10T14:04:31.095-07:00Determining the Type of Bond<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYeV_wQumsJzTAus0mzq5HjgfyLXpjQEoytsKLen6Q0twVN9Cx6mpijAbK9uyX4W6trIqD0niYg-_yuenDUCFk0FRMzpvGgSbMsi4EDYZrr9XC7DB90E6bgG5lIX_AvhHWq9emm46EL5UM/s1600/Screen+Shot+2013-06-10+at+1.46.47+PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="246" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYeV_wQumsJzTAus0mzq5HjgfyLXpjQEoytsKLen6Q0twVN9Cx6mpijAbK9uyX4W6trIqD0niYg-_yuenDUCFk0FRMzpvGgSbMsi4EDYZrr9XC7DB90E6bgG5lIX_AvhHWq9emm46EL5UM/s400/Screen+Shot+2013-06-10+at+1.46.47+PM.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_qVQuyTw-M8G7fJvum67wm53iP_YFpL4xWDhwVl8jlusw_sj2L_sVf8QIAL7rl-J3AV8bTICSMxy7P1Hvns3k49on-EhggySAMsrJ39zBxiQca0R30Kml2p7NVYn4mqxw69a1r-nsPIBB/s1600/Screen+Shot+2013-06-10+at+12.56.24+PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="257" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_qVQuyTw-M8G7fJvum67wm53iP_YFpL4xWDhwVl8jlusw_sj2L_sVf8QIAL7rl-J3AV8bTICSMxy7P1Hvns3k49on-EhggySAMsrJ39zBxiQca0R30Kml2p7NVYn4mqxw69a1r-nsPIBB/s400/Screen+Shot+2013-06-10+at+12.56.24+PM.png" width="400" /> </a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://0.tqn.com/d/chemistry/1/0/w/v/PeriodicTableElectronegativity.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="247" src="http://0.tqn.com/d/chemistry/1/0/w/v/PeriodicTableElectronegativity.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<br />Sweetest Bondhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01458027807190201101noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2608314850303854868.post-66444287953086777742013-05-22T15:42:00.000-07:002013-06-13T04:23:32.739-07:00Four Quantum Numbers ... or This -- go ahead and click <h3 class="editable">
<span style="font-weight: normal;">There are four quantum numbers (<span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-1-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-1" style="display: inline-block; width: 0.604em;"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 0.486em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.92em, 1000em, 2.787em, -0.611em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.569em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-2"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-3" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; font-style: italic;">n</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.569em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.707em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.094em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span>, <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-2-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-4" style="display: inline-block; width: 0.354em;"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 0.278em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.678em, 1000em, 2.789em, -0.584em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.569em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-5"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-6" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; font-style: italic;">l<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.001em;"></span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.569em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.999em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.097em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span>, <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-3-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-7" style="display: inline-block; width: 1.188em;"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 0.972em;"><span style="clip: rect(0.323em, 1000em, 1.338em, -0.613em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -0.972em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-8"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-9"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 0.978em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.92em, 1000em, 2.787em, -0.613em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.569em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-10" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; font-style: italic;">m</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.569em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.694em; position: absolute; top: -1.933em;"><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-11"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-12"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-13" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; font-size: 70.7%; font-style: italic;">l<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.001em;"></span></span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.083em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0.972em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.885em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.273em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span>, <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-4-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-14" style="display: inline-block; width: 1.271em;"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 1.042em;"><span style="clip: rect(0.323em, 1000em, 1.34em, -0.613em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -0.972em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-15"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-16"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 1.047em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.92em, 1000em, 2.787em, -0.613em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.569em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-17" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; font-style: italic;">m</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.569em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.694em; position: absolute; top: -1.933em;"><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-18"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-19"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-20" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; font-size: 70.7%; font-style: italic;">s</span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.083em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0.972em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.887em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.274em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span>).
No two electrons in the same atom can have the same four quantum
numbers. Each quantum number describes a different aspect of the electron and its orbital. These numbers are obtained from the solution of the Schrödinger Equation for atoms in spherical coordinates. </span></h3>
<h3 class="editable">
n, the principle quantum number</h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-5-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-21" style="display: inline-block; width: 0.604em;"> <i><b>n</b></i> <span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 0.486em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.92em, 1000em, 2.787em, -0.611em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.569em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-22"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-23" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; font-style: italic;"></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.569em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.707em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.094em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span>tells
you about the size of the orbital. It is related to how far the
electron is from the atom. It is also related to the energy of the
electron. <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-6-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-24" style="display: inline-block; width: 0.604em;"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 0.486em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.92em, 1000em, 2.787em, -0.611em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.569em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-25"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-26" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; font-style: italic;">n</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.569em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.707em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.094em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span>can be any positive integer number. An orbital has <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-7-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-27" style="display: inline-block; width: 2.604em;"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 2.153em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.685em, 1000em, 2.787em, -0.611em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.569em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-28"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-29" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; font-style: italic;">n</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-30" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; padding-left: 0.25em;">−</span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-31" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; padding-left: 0.25em;">1</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.569em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.989em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.094em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span>radial nodes as well, which describe a radius at which the probability of finding the electron is 0.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<h3 class="editable">
l, azimuthal quantum number</h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
lt tells you about the angular momentum
of the electron in the orbital. It defines the shape of the orbital.
lt can be any integer between (and including) 0 and (<span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-8-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-32" style="display: inline-block; width: 2.604em;"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 2.153em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.685em, 1000em, 2.787em, -0.611em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.569em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-33"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-34" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; font-style: italic;">n</span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-35" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; padding-left: 0.25em;">−</span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-36" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; padding-left: 0.25em;">1</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.569em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.989em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.094em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span>). Each orbital has <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-9-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-37" style="display: inline-block; width: 0.354em;"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 0.278em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.678em, 1000em, 2.789em, -0.584em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.569em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-38"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-39" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; font-style: italic;">l<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.001em;"></span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.569em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.999em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.097em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span>planar nodes.<br />
Some examples of orbitals with different <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-10-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-40" style="display: inline-block; width: 0.354em;"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 0.278em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.678em, 1000em, 2.789em, -0.584em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.569em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-41"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-42" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; font-style: italic;">l<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.001em;"></span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.569em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.999em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.097em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span>:</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-11-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-43" style="display: inline-block; width: 2.521em;"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 2.083em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.678em, 1000em, 2.792em, -0.584em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.569em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-44"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-45" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; font-style: italic;">l<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.001em;"></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-46" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; padding-left: 0.313em;">=</span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-47" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; padding-left: 0.313em;">0</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.569em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.003em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.1em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span>is an s orbital, with no planar nodes.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<img alt="S orbitals.jpg" class="internal default" height="185" src="http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/@api/deki/files/7328/=S_orbitals.jpg" width="200" /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-12-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-48" style="display: inline-block; width: 2.521em;"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 2.083em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.678em, 1000em, 2.789em, -0.584em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.569em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-49"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-50" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; font-style: italic;">l<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.001em;"></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-51" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; padding-left: 0.313em;">=</span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-52" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; padding-left: 0.313em;">1</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.569em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.999em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.097em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span>gives a p orbital, which has one planar node.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<img alt="p orbital 1.JPG" class="internal default" src="http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/@api/deki/files/7603/=p_orbital_1.JPG" /> </div>
<h3 class="editable">
m<sub>l</sub>, magnetic quantum number</h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-13-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-53" style="display: inline-block; width: 1.188em;"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 0.972em;"><span style="clip: rect(0.323em, 1000em, 1.338em, -0.613em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -0.972em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-54"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-55"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 0.978em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.92em, 1000em, 2.787em, -0.613em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.569em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-56" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; font-style: italic;">m</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.569em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.694em; position: absolute; top: -1.933em;"><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-57"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-58"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-59" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; font-size: 70.7%; font-style: italic;">l<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.001em;"></span></span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.083em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0.972em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.885em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.273em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span>
tells you about the angular momentum projected on to the z axis. It
tells you of the orientation of the orbital. It can be any integer
between <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-14-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-60" style="display: inline-block; width: 1.188em;"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 0.972em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.678em, 1000em, 2.789em, -0.561em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.569em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-61"><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-62" style="font-family: STIXGeneral;">−</span><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-63" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; font-style: italic;">l<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.001em;"></span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.569em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.999em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.097em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span> and <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-15-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-64" style="display: inline-block; width: 0.354em;"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 0.278em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.678em, 1000em, 2.789em, -0.584em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.569em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-65"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-66" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; font-style: italic;">l<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.001em;"></span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.569em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.999em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.097em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span>.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-16-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-67" style="display: inline-block; width: 2.521em;"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 2.083em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.678em, 1000em, 2.789em, -0.584em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.569em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-68"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-69" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; font-style: italic;">l<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.001em;"></span></span><span class="mo" id="MathJax-Span-70" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; padding-left: 0.313em;">=</span><span class="mn" id="MathJax-Span-71" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; padding-left: 0.313em;">1</span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.569em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.999em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.097em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span> has 3 different (but degenerate) <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-17-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-72" style="display: inline-block; width: 1.188em;"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 0.972em;"><span style="clip: rect(0.323em, 1000em, 1.338em, -0.613em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -0.972em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-73"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-74"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 0.978em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.92em, 1000em, 2.787em, -0.613em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.569em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-75" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; font-style: italic;">m</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.569em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.694em; position: absolute; top: -1.933em;"><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-76"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-77"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-78" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; font-size: 70.7%; font-style: italic;">l<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.001em;"></span></span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.083em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0.972em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.885em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.273em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span> possible values:-1,0 or 1. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-18-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-79" style="display: inline-block; width: 1.104em;"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 0.903em;"><span style="clip: rect(0.323em, 1000em, 1.429em, -0.7em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -0.972em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-80"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-81"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 0.908em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.92em, 1000em, 2.983em, -0.7em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.569em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-82" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; font-style: italic;">p</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.569em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.486em; position: absolute; top: -1.843em;"><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-83"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-84"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-85" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; font-size: 70.7%; font-style: italic;">x<span style="display: inline-block; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; width: 0.002em;"></span></span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.083em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0.972em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.994em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.381em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<img alt="px orbital 1.JPG" class="internal default" src="http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/@api/deki/files/7604/=px_orbital_1.JPG" /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-19-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-86" style="display: inline-block; width: 1.104em;"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 0.903em;"><span style="clip: rect(0.323em, 1000em, 1.567em, -0.7em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -0.972em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-87"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-88"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 0.908em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.92em, 1000em, 2.983em, -0.7em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.569em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-89" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; font-style: italic;">p</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.569em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.486em; position: absolute; top: -1.843em;"><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-90"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-91"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-92" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; font-size: 70.7%; font-style: italic;">y</span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.083em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0.972em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.159em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.547em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<img alt="py orbital 1.JPG" class="internal default" src="http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/@api/deki/files/7605/=py_orbital_1.JPG" /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-20-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-93" style="display: inline-block; width: 1.021em;"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 0.833em;"><span style="clip: rect(0.323em, 1000em, 1.478em, -0.7em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -0.972em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-94"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-95"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 0.839em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.92em, 1000em, 2.983em, -0.7em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.569em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-96" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; font-style: italic;">p</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.569em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.486em; position: absolute; top: -1.843em;"><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-97"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-98"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-99" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; font-size: 70.7%; font-style: italic;">z</span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.083em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0.972em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 1.053em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.44em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<img alt="pz orbital 1.JPG" class="internal default" src="http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/@api/deki/files/7606/=pz_orbital_1.JPG" /></div>
<div id="section_5">
<span id="ms_spin_projection_quantum_number"></span><br />
<h3 class="editable">
m<sub>s </sub>spin projection quantum number</h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-21-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-100" style="display: inline-block; width: 1.271em;"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 1.042em;"><span style="clip: rect(0.323em, 1000em, 1.34em, -0.613em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -0.972em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-101"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-102"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 1.047em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.92em, 1000em, 2.787em, -0.613em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.569em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-103" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; font-style: italic;">m</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.569em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.694em; position: absolute; top: -1.933em;"><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-104"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-105"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-106" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; font-size: 70.7%; font-style: italic;">s</span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.083em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0.972em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.887em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.274em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span>tells you about the spin of the electron. An electron is a fermion, a type of quantum particle which is only allowed to have <span class="MathJax_Preview"></span><span class="MathJax" id="MathJax-Element-22-Frame" role="textbox"><nobr><span class="math" id="MathJax-Span-107" style="display: inline-block; width: 1.271em;"><span style="display: inline-block; font-size: 120%; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 1.042em;"><span style="clip: rect(0.323em, 1000em, 1.34em, -0.613em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -0.972em;"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-108"><span class="msubsup" id="MathJax-Span-109"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0px; position: relative; width: 1.047em;"><span style="clip: rect(1.92em, 1000em, 2.787em, -0.613em); left: 0em; position: absolute; top: -2.569em;"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-110" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; font-style: italic;">m</span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.569em; width: 0px;"></span></span><span style="left: 0.694em; position: absolute; top: -1.933em;"><span class="texatom" id="MathJax-Span-111"><span class="mrow" id="MathJax-Span-112"><span class="mi" id="MathJax-Span-113" style="font-family: STIXGeneral; font-size: 70.7%; font-style: italic;">s</span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 2.083em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span></span></span><span style="display: inline-block; height: 0.972em; width: 0px;"></span></span></span><span style="border-left: 0em solid; display: inline-block; height: 0.887em; overflow: hidden; vertical-align: -0.274em; width: 0px;"></span></span></nobr></span>equal to -1/2 or 1/2.</div>
</div>
<div id="section_5">
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
Sweetest Bondhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01458027807190201101noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2608314850303854868.post-78585494874642918072013-05-21T14:59:00.000-07:002013-05-26T15:43:37.224-07:00Characteristics of the Periodic Table: Omg<span style="font-family: Times; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14px;"><b>Ionization energies</b> get larger as you move to the right and "up" in the periodic table</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Times; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14px;">Example:</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Times; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14px;">Which element has the highest ionization energy:</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Times; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14px;"><span style="background-color: yellow;">Ar</span> or Kr</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Times; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14px;">Ga or <span style="background-color: yellow;">As</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Times; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14px;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Times; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14px;"><span style="background-color: yellow;">S</span> or Te</span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Times; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14px;"><b>Atomic Radius'</b> </span></span><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14px;">decrease from left to right and "up" of the periodic table (<i>opposite of ionization energies</i>).</span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Times; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14px;"><b>Electronegativity</b> increases from left to right of the periodic table. It also increase as you go "up" the periodic table. Same as Ionization energies. </span></span><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times; font-size: 14px;">The exception to
this are the groups (families) 2A, 5A and
8A(noble gases) which are usually much lower in electronegativity than
the surrounding atoms.</span></span> </span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://sophialearning.s3.amazonaws.com/ckeditor_assets/4554/content/metallic_character_trend_ik_170.png?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAJBJJNCQ5MHXCIRUA&Expires=1369605423&Signature=8Bhpo2%2FydGV8l5%2FmCBkocFn1J4o%3D" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="172" src="http://sophialearning.s3.amazonaws.com/ckeditor_assets/4554/content/metallic_character_trend_ik_170.png?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAJBJJNCQ5MHXCIRUA&Expires=1369605423&Signature=8Bhpo2%2FydGV8l5%2FmCBkocFn1J4o%3D" width="320" /></a></div>
Sweetest Bondhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01458027807190201101noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2608314850303854868.post-13233144371716630112013-05-14T17:00:00.003-07:002013-05-14T17:01:12.908-07:00Drawing Orbitals... Beats MeSort-of helpful links:<br />
<br />
<a href="http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:Pvj8I6IKn6kJ:www.drrickmoleski.com/ModernAtomicTheory-GoodSummary.pdf+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us&client=firefox-a" target="_blank">here</a> or<span style="color: blue;"><a href="http://winter.group.shef.ac.uk/orbitron/AOs/5d/" target="_blank"> here</a> </span>Sweetest Bondhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01458027807190201101noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2608314850303854868.post-85721366260370710562013-05-14T16:24:00.001-07:002013-05-14T16:50:04.578-07:00More of the Same: Electron Configuration<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>s = 2</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>p = 6</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>d = 10</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>f = 14</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Difference by <b>4</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>1s</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>2s 2p</b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxsLmQsAcilC8vHPF1sepIFTrlsNVxhmDii3nj9fDctVx6dSdCPlUWhghHLwbfswqCug0eR4h1ZS2JyDE1KJOXQOx50Tn9DrRFDRrgq0zqLOpu4weICMIkl8D8I3iUgtLa8BOHZZP_0_aj/s1600/elecfill.gif" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="177" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxsLmQsAcilC8vHPF1sepIFTrlsNVxhmDii3nj9fDctVx6dSdCPlUWhghHLwbfswqCug0eR4h1ZS2JyDE1KJOXQOx50Tn9DrRFDRrgq0zqLOpu4weICMIkl8D8I3iUgtLa8BOHZZP_0_aj/s200/elecfill.gif" width="200" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>3s 3p 3d</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>4s 4p 4d 4f</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>5s 5p 5d 5f</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>6s 6p 6d 6f</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>7s 7p 7d 7f </b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 4f 5d 6p 7s 5f 6d 7p</b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;">1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^<span style="font-size: x-small;">6</span> 6s^2 4f^14 5d^10 6p^6 7s^2 5f^14 6d^10 7p^6</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Ca = 20 electrons</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Ca = 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Ge = 32 electrons</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Ge = 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^2</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Ru = 44 electrons</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Ru = 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^6</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Au+ = 78 electrons (i.e., + makes it lose one of it's 79 electrons)</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Au+ = 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 4f^14 5d^10</span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">S^-2 = 18 electrons</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;">S^-2 = 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;">Ag+ = 46 electrons</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;">Ag+ = 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^10 4p^6 5s^2 4d^6</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: small;">Helpful Links (the people who answer questions on Yahoo <i>ahhh-maze </i>me):</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090618050357AACfL2E" target="_blank">ahh-mazing person</a></span><br />
</div>
<table class="wikitable"><tbody>
<tr><td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br /></td>
<td><br />
<br />
<br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
Sweetest Bondhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01458027807190201101noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2608314850303854868.post-54793784473936816132013-05-14T02:01:00.002-07:002013-05-14T02:06:50.627-07:00Electron Configuration A.K.A. Happiness Has Left My Soul<span style="font-size: large;"><b><u>Electron Configuration</u> </b></span><br />
<br />
<b>After watching way too many videos, in order to try and understand what the f@#$ is going on here </b><span style="color: red;">(... Not to mention -<span style="color: #38761d;"><i>yeah, lets mention the mother f out of the things people choose not to mention</i></span>- why any of us need to know "electron configuration" because I sure as hell know my dad doesn't remember this, and he's a doctor -but, <i>hey,</i> that doesn't matter... <span style="color: #38761d;">And,<i> YEAH</i>, yeah it <b>does</b> matter</span>; yet, no one seems to be questioning this, besides my own damn self. You wanna know what that feels like? Feels like</span> <i><a href="http://data.whicdn.com/images/60324961/large.jpg" target="_blank">this</a></i><span style="color: red;">...),</span> <b>I decided this one was slightly kind. Before you want to jump off a ledge, watch it; you'll probably still feel bad</b> <span style="color: #38761d;">-perhaps because you'll forget ALL of this, unless you're trying to be a hardcore scientist-</span> <b>but also maybe a tad bit better. </b><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="360" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/jtYzEzykFdg?rel=0" width="640"></iframe>Sweetest Bondhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01458027807190201101noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2608314850303854868.post-35196944000939595452013-05-13T22:49:00.000-07:002013-05-13T23:31:32.668-07:00About MeJust thought I'd share a few clips that someone took of me, over the last century of 6 weeks.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m82bzaRxXT1rzve6xo1_500.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m82bzaRxXT1rzve6xo1_500.gif" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">First Day of Class</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://24.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lkms0kj0Qw1qhc137o1_500.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m82bzaRxXT1rzve6xo1_500.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="http://24.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lkms0kj0Qw1qhc137o1_500.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><a href="http://24.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lkms0kj0Qw1qhc137o1_500.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://24.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_lkms0kj0Qw1qhc137o1_500.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://24.media.tumblr.com/7c5d27ae2e77b64adfcba36566fe08e5/tumblr_mm71bluqsy1ryq8rlo1_500.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://24.media.tumblr.com/7c5d27ae2e77b64adfcba36566fe08e5/tumblr_mm71bluqsy1ryq8rlo1_500.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://25.media.tumblr.com/1d20b267650fd9bc0c808966e2296dc2/tumblr_mi3jifQxEk1rgfv33o1_500.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://25.media.tumblr.com/1d20b267650fd9bc0c808966e2296dc2/tumblr_mi3jifQxEk1rgfv33o1_500.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m5r5cu0xER1r9uyl8o1_500.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m5r5cu0xER1r9uyl8o1_500.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m1o5h6Z7XF1rn95k2o1_500.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m1o5h6Z7XF1rn95k2o1_500.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m1ry04tBlC1r890avo1_500.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m1ry04tBlC1r890avo1_500.gif" /></a></div>
<a href="http://25.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m1ry04tBlC1r890avo1_500.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://25.media.tumblr.com/70fc7d4d256f70aa7d6aaa87174e37e7/tumblr_mljczduFRb1rmmokio1_500.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://25.media.tumblr.com/70fc7d4d256f70aa7d6aaa87174e37e7/tumblr_mljczduFRb1rmmokio1_500.gif" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
So, I guess I should go ahead and let out the secret.<br />
This story was written about me.<br />
I found out a few years ago.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://data.whicdn.com/images/58709893/tumblr_mlba1bDOWJ1s7mf8go1_500_large.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>
<br />Sweetest Bondhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01458027807190201101noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2608314850303854868.post-49386809118969027522013-05-13T10:23:00.002-07:002013-05-13T10:24:37.834-07:00Microscopes<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="http://biology.unm.edu/ccouncil/Biology_203/Images/Microscopes/microscope6.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://biology.unm.edu/ccouncil/Biology_203/Images/Microscopes/microscope6.jpeg" width="480" /></a><span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">Microscope</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">
– device used to view objects which are too small to see or explore with your
eye alone. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">Compound</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">
– when a scope has a minimum to two magnifying lenses. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">Binocular</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">
– two eyepieces. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">Monocular</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">
– one eyepiece. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">Stereoscopic
(dissecting) microscope</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">
– a microscope with relatively low magnification that is good for viewing
large, thick objects.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">Transmitted light</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">
– light passing through an object, used by many types of microscopes.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">Reflected or
incident light</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> –
light directed down on an object, used by dissecting scopes.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">Magnification</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">
– the ratio of the image size to the actual size; apparent enlargement of an
object.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">Resolution</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS";">
- the ability of a microscope to distinguish between two very close points.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Trebuchet MS;">Electron
microscope</span><span style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS";"> –
microscope that uses electrons as a source of illumination.</span></div>
<br />Sweetest Bondhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01458027807190201101noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2608314850303854868.post-18151691164830473302013-05-13T08:14:00.001-07:002013-05-13T08:14:18.481-07:00Biology Lab<div class="hr" style="margin-left: 0px; width: auto;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="qWord lang-chem" id=""></span><span class="qWord lang-chem" id=""></span><b><span class="qWord lang-chem" id="">Control Variable</span></b></span></div>
<div class="hr" style="margin-left: 0px; width: auto;">
<div style="margin-left: 0px; width: auto;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="qDef lang-chem" id="">Variables that are kept constant during the experiment( variables not being minupulated)</span><span class="qWord lang-chem" id=""> </span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="hr" style="margin-left: 0px; width: auto;">
<div class="hr" style="margin-left: 0px; width: auto;">
<b><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="qWord lang-chem" id=""> </span></span></b></div>
<div class="hr" style="margin-left: 0px; width: auto;">
<b><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="qWord lang-chem" id="">Hypothesis</span></span></b></div>
<div style="margin-left: 0px; width: auto;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="qDef lang-chem" id="">Tentative explanation for an observation</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="qWord lang-chem" id=""></span></span><b><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="qWord lang-chem" id=""></span><span class="qWord lang-chem" id=""> </span><span class="qWord lang-chem" id=""></span></span></b></div>
<div class="hr" style="margin-left: 0px; width: auto;">
<div class="hr" style="margin-left: 0px; width: auto;">
<b><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="qWord lang-chem" id="">Independent Variable </span></span></b></div>
<div style="margin-left: 0px; width: auto;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="qDef lang-chem" id="">What the investigator varies in the experiment (for example, time, pH, temperature, concentration)</span><span class="qWord lang-chem" id=""> </span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="hr" style="margin-left: 0px; width: auto;">
<div class="hr" style="margin-left: 0px; width: auto;">
<b><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="qWord lang-chem" id=""> </span></span></b></div>
<div class="hr" style="margin-left: 0px; width: auto;">
<b><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="qWord lang-chem" id="">Procedure</span></span></b></div>
<div style="margin-left: 0px; width: auto;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="qDef lang-chem" id="">Process used to measure the dependent variable</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="qWord lang-chem" id=""></span></span></div>
<div class="hr" style="margin-left: 0px; width: auto;">
<div class="hr" style="margin-left: 0px; width: auto;">
<b><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="qWord lang-chem" id=""> </span></span></b></div>
<div class="hr" style="margin-left: 0px; width: auto;">
<b><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="qWord lang-chem" id="">Level of Treatment</span></span></b></div>
<div style="margin-left: 0px; width: auto;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="qDef lang-chem" id="">Appropriate values to use for the independent variable</span><span class="qWord lang-chem" id=""> </span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="hr" style="margin-left: 0px; width: auto;">
<b><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="qWord lang-chem" id=""> </span></span></b></div>
<div class="hr" style="margin-left: 0px; width: auto;">
<b><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="qWord lang-chem" id="">Control</span></span></b></div>
<div style="margin-left: 0px; width: auto;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="qDef lang-chem" id="">Treatment that eliminates the independent variable or sets it as a standard value</span></span></div>
<div style="font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0px; width: auto;">
<div class="hr" style="margin-left: 0px; width: auto;">
<b><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="qWord lang-chem" id=""> </span></span></b></div>
<div class="hr" style="margin-left: 0px; width: auto;">
<b><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="qWord lang-chem" id="">Dependent</span></span></b></div>
<div style="margin-left: 0px; width: auto;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="qDef lang-chem" id="">What the investigator measures, counts, or records; what is being affected in the experiment.</span></span></div>
<div style="font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0px; width: auto;">
<div class="hr" style="margin-left: 0px; width: auto;">
<b><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="qWord lang-chem" id=""> </span></span></b></div>
<div class="hr" style="margin-left: 0px; width: auto;">
<b><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="qWord lang-chem" id="">Replication</span></span></b></div>
<div style="margin-left: 0px; width: auto;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="qDef lang-chem" id="">Number of times the experiment is repeated</span></span></div>
<div style="font-size: 24px; margin-left: 0px; width: auto;">
<div class="hr" style="margin-left: 0px; width: auto;">
<b><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="qWord lang-chem" id=""> </span></span></b></div>
<div class="hr" style="margin-left: 0px; width: auto;">
<b><span style="font-size: small;"><span class="qWord lang-chem" id="">Prediction</span></span></b></div>
<div style="margin-left: 0px; width: auto;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span class="qDef lang-chem" id="">Statement of the expected results of an experiment based on the hypothesis</span></span></div>
<span class="qDef lang-chem" id=""> </span></div>
<span class="qDef lang-chem" id=""><b>Independent Variable</b>: X Axis</span></div>
<div style="font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0px; width: auto;">
<span class="qDef lang-chem" id=""> </span></div>
<div style="font-size: 16px; margin-left: 0px; width: auto;">
<span class="qDef lang-chem" id=""><b>Dependent Variable</b>: Y Axis </span></div>
<span class="qDef lang-chem" id=""> </span></div>
Sweetest Bondhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01458027807190201101noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2608314850303854868.post-89662688061118901222013-05-12T04:18:00.002-07:002013-05-12T04:18:17.446-07:00Quantum Numbers: Gettin' Down with 3P (everybody loves countin')Schrödinger's model: 3 (peter, paul & mary) <b>quantum numbers</b>, to describe the orbitals in which electrons
can be found. (SSO: Size, Shape, Orientation)<br />
<br />
<br />
The <b>principal quantum number</b> <span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">(<i>n</i>)</span></span> describes the size of the orbital.<br />
The <b>angular quantum number</b><span style="color: lime;"> </span><span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: lime;">(<i>l</i>)</span> </span></span>describes the shape of the orbital.<br />
The<b> magnetic
quantum number</b> <span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;">(<i>m</i>)</span></span> describes the orientation in space of a particular
orbital. <br />
<br />
Orbitals have shapes that are best described as spherical (<i>l</i> = 0), polar (<i>l</i>
= 1), or <b><span style="color: #38761d;">cloverleaf</span></b> (<i>l</i> = 2). They can even take on more complex shapes as the value
of the angular quantum number becomes larger. <br />
<br /><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">(<i>n</i>)</span></span> cannot be zero. The allowed values of <i>n</i>
are therefore 1, 2, 3, 4, and so on<br />
<span style="color: lime;"><span style="font-size: large;">(<i>l</i>)</span> </span>can be any integer between 0 and <i>n</i> - 1. If <i>n</i>
= 3, for example, <i>l</i> can be either 0, 1, or 2.<br />
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: large;">(<i>m</i>)</span></span> can be any integer between -<i>l</i>
and +<i>l</i>. If <i>l</i> = 2, <i>m</i> can be either -2, -1, 0, +1, or +2. <br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch6/graphics/6shapes.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="154" src="http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch6/graphics/6shapes.gif" width="320" /> </a><a href="http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch6/graphics/6shapes.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"> </a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/oTs6oQx1WJY?rel=0" width="560"></iframe></div>
Sweetest Bondhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01458027807190201101noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2608314850303854868.post-70953322730438357552013-05-11T21:51:00.001-07:002013-05-11T21:51:06.718-07:00Schrödinger Equation and Wave Functions<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9LlEmYQDgYRPQVU3Yo9VTK21uCFcqf8avIbFkDYFfjWzL-TjOI6hR1qa4w5XrNHqowXXGnS9X9udHUrlgI22dtduYfIh_Z-Cl1wevz-MrleEFM2eouohRAF-rv_QlBr63xtIYl6OpMSzj/s1600/Screen+Shot+2013-05-11+at+9.47.28+PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9LlEmYQDgYRPQVU3Yo9VTK21uCFcqf8avIbFkDYFfjWzL-TjOI6hR1qa4w5XrNHqowXXGnS9X9udHUrlgI22dtduYfIh_Z-Cl1wevz-MrleEFM2eouohRAF-rv_QlBr63xtIYl6OpMSzj/s1600/Screen+Shot+2013-05-11+at+9.47.28+PM.png" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAghE-3qJ6Jg7DZsrxCHiLZ98NwhGy2ErrHsmVdOdYUxbNV9zVYzEh2TT8m9rGR-kO5U9NwpEZEwsR9mZ1BDLaXjfBiMa2P5vQbRIZV_lS0xzS1-tJvhRvtodeuT6w0h2kn9hh16aBQPg6/s1600/Screen+Shot+2013-05-11+at+9.36.13+PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAghE-3qJ6Jg7DZsrxCHiLZ98NwhGy2ErrHsmVdOdYUxbNV9zVYzEh2TT8m9rGR-kO5U9NwpEZEwsR9mZ1BDLaXjfBiMa2P5vQbRIZV_lS0xzS1-tJvhRvtodeuT6w0h2kn9hh16aBQPg6/s1600/Screen+Shot+2013-05-11+at+9.36.13+PM.png" /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGkkmImchOnowTr_TXfJOdUZ8mTZOrVDlvJMcbROE6xPjTCyoSIHUoHrQVgzO8oIWU1gx1FxN78bqrioWFtrIgt4n7u4mYQLjJqjlnhyphenhyphenNaC2Z7MsuD_Lc_UMLW5CCRmuu0WJVembZN3p4T/s1600/Screen+Shot+2013-05-11+at+9.36.01+PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGkkmImchOnowTr_TXfJOdUZ8mTZOrVDlvJMcbROE6xPjTCyoSIHUoHrQVgzO8oIWU1gx1FxN78bqrioWFtrIgt4n7u4mYQLjJqjlnhyphenhyphenNaC2Z7MsuD_Lc_UMLW5CCRmuu0WJVembZN3p4T/s1600/Screen+Shot+2013-05-11+at+9.36.01+PM.png" /></a>Sweetest Bondhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01458027807190201101noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2608314850303854868.post-73243596115387798082013-05-10T23:27:00.001-07:002013-06-13T04:36:33.207-07:00Determine Energy of Mol of Photons of Light<ul>
<li>Wavelength is normally reported in nanometers (nm) and should be converted to meters for energy calculation purposes</li>
</ul>
What you'll need:<br />
<br />
<b>Convert (nm) to (m):</b> Wavelength in (nm) <span style="font-size: large;">X</span> by 10 ^ -9<br />
<br />
<b>Speed of Ligh</b>t: 3.0 x 10^8 m/s<br />
<br />
<b>Planck's Constant:</b> 6.63 x 10^-34<br />
<br />
<b>Avogadro's Number: </b> 6.02 x 10^23 <br />
<br />
<b>Energy of a Photon (in particles)</b> = Speed of Light <span style="color: #38761d;"><b>X</b></span> Planck's Constant <span style="color: #6aa84f;"><b>/</b></span> Wavelength<br />
<br />
<b>Convert particles to mol</b> --> Avagadro's Number (6.02) X 10^23 <span style="font-size: large;">X</span> Wavelength (in particles)<br />
<br />
<b>Convert</b> g/mol <b>to kJ</b>/mol = g/mol / 1,000<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color: red;">Example:</span><br />
<u><span style="color: red;"><br /></span></u>
<u><span style="color: red;">Determine the energy of 1.40<img align="middle" alt="{\rm mol}" class="done" src="http://session.masteringchemistry.com/render?expr=%7B%5Crm+%7B%5Crm+mol%7D%7D" /> of photons for: </span></u><br />
<br />
<u><span style="color: #38761d;">Infrared radiation (1580<img align="middle" alt="{\rm nm}" class="done" src="http://session.masteringchemistry.com/render?expr=%7B%5Crm+%7B%5Crm+nm%7D%7D" /> ) </span></u><br />
<br />
Convert Wavelength from (nm) to (m): 1580 nm X 10^-9 = 0.00000158 = 1.58 X 10 ^ -6 (m)<br />
<br />
Energy of a Photon (in particles) = 3.0 X 10^8 * 6.63 X 10 ^ -34 / 1.58 X 10 ^ -6 = 0.0000000000000000001258860759493670886075949367088607594936708861 = 1.259 X 10 ^ -19<br />
<br />
Convert particles to 1.40 mol = 1.259 X 10 ^ -19 * (6.02 X 10^23) * 1.40 = 106096.78481012658227848101265822784810126582280508 = 1.06 X 10^5 g/mol<br />
<br />
Convert g/mol to kJ/mol = 1.06 X 10^5 / 1000 = 106 kJ<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><i><span style="color: #cc0000;"><b>Sidenote (in the form of what you call a Red-flag):</b></span></i></span> Instead of stupidly calculating the Speed of Light X Planck's Constant everysingle mother f'ing time (hello & hi, <i>why am I doing this</i>), let's just calculate that baby and put it on the shelf.<br />
<b><br /></b>
<b>Speed of Light <span style="font-size: large;">X</span> Planck's Constant</b> (a.k.a half of the equation, during step #2):<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHplEVi9ONsADxxZJcT0YahFZG6KL0OJQ9UHelDvB1hnuaPyLLKe_TXdnEolD01IuehER_XMWa-56wPnnj35tb2Rfizn81RUtcOkH1lzyI8Bkuw27j1LePeHjZVKN0Vi3bdbzMTWCLwonm/s1600/Screen+Shot+2013-05-10+at+11.16.56+PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="53" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHplEVi9ONsADxxZJcT0YahFZG6KL0OJQ9UHelDvB1hnuaPyLLKe_TXdnEolD01IuehER_XMWa-56wPnnj35tb2Rfizn81RUtcOkH1lzyI8Bkuw27j1LePeHjZVKN0Vi3bdbzMTWCLwonm/s320/Screen+Shot+2013-05-10+at+11.16.56+PM.png" width="320" /></a></div>
or <b>1.99 X 10^-25</b><br />
<br />
<br />
<u><span style="color: #38761d;">Visible light (495<img align="middle" alt="{\rm nm}" class="done" src="http://session.masteringchemistry.com/render?expr=%7B%5Crm+%7B%5Crm+nm%7D%7D" /> )</span></u><br />
<u><span style="color: #38761d;"><br /></span></u>
<span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;">495 (nm) X 10^-9 = 4.95 * 10^-7 (m)</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;">3.0 * 10^8 X 6.63 * 10^-34 / 4.95*10^-7 = 0.00000000000000000040181818181818181818</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;">= 4.02 X 10^-19</span></span><br />
<br />
4.02 * 10^-19 X (6.02 X 10^23) X 1.40 = 338652.36 or 3.39 X 10^5 g/mol<br />
<br />
33880.56/1000 = 338.65 = 339<br />
<br />
<u><span style="color: #38761d;">Ultraviolet radiation (155<img align="middle" alt="{\rm nm}" class="done" src="http://session.masteringchemistry.com/render?expr=%7B%5Crm+%7B%5Crm+nm%7D%7D" /> )</span></u><br />
<u><span style="color: #38761d;"><br /></span></u>
<span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;">155 (nm) X 10^-9 = 0.000000155 = 1.55 * 10^-7</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;"> </span></span><span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;"><b><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4TYv2PhG89A" target="_blank">1.99 X 10^-25</a>/</b>1.55 *10^-7 = 0.0000000000000000012838709677419354839</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;">= 1.28 * 10^-18</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;">1.28 * 10^-18 X (6.02 X 10^23) X 1.40 = 1082046.45161290322583092 or 1.08 X 10^6 g/mol</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="color: #38761d;"><span style="color: black;">1.08 X 10^6 / 1000 = 1082.04645161290322583092 = 1082</span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />Sweetest Bondhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01458027807190201101noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2608314850303854868.post-21407891455314913442013-05-10T19:28:00.001-07:002013-05-10T19:29:28.425-07:00Quantum Numbers: Combinations of n & l<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch6/graphics/combos.gif" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch6/graphics/combos.gif" width="281" /></a></div>
<br />Sweetest Bondhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01458027807190201101noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2608314850303854868.post-8182619433146186772013-05-10T19:21:00.001-07:002013-05-10T19:31:31.663-07:00Formula: Uncertainty in an Electron's PositionAn electron traveling at 2.7×105 has an uncertainty in its velocity of 8.94×104 . What is the uncertainty in its position?<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br /><br /><span style="color: black;"><img border="0" src="http://s3.amazonaws.com/answer-board-image/cfa28713-21d3-45b2-b86f-79c2e37bb5c7.gif" /><br /><br /> </span><br />
<span style="color: black;">FYI:</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDsF3M21Z3h97PgL1y9GpSQw9NkFRRtlZgi9zfi-hJkYgf1tcqsyboLeEKgs5-S9MCpzOyR-f9DE-LJ54x_uLYq__UnUdSX2uO4rSYfjVNwkVFKwoDkJSKrrDd0lLjRDxAd4WcA0zlxMWf/s1600/Screen+Shot+2013-05-10+at+7.12.27+PM.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="34" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDsF3M21Z3h97PgL1y9GpSQw9NkFRRtlZgi9zfi-hJkYgf1tcqsyboLeEKgs5-S9MCpzOyR-f9DE-LJ54x_uLYq__UnUdSX2uO4rSYfjVNwkVFKwoDkJSKrrDd0lLjRDxAd4WcA0zlxMWf/s400/Screen+Shot+2013-05-10+at+7.12.27+PM.png" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />Sweetest Bondhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01458027807190201101noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2608314850303854868.post-79008883550962407522013-05-08T07:30:00.000-07:002013-05-08T10:27:16.471-07:00(#@% Me) Biology Exam #2: Tomorrow<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2UgIzpNn-fqlKwtulduyswtFbnQGasO2tYvQ7t9Z0z6GaI3kJHDYEdE_PQ_sncee8y1o8q_iaxW-6pu_JFJxTn9iGMIdjeI_STn_mPMvzwjzcJRg37FSCBKmQ7nET5XQSgtIRhELVHS3d/s1600/Good+Quotes.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2UgIzpNn-fqlKwtulduyswtFbnQGasO2tYvQ7t9Z0z6GaI3kJHDYEdE_PQ_sncee8y1o8q_iaxW-6pu_JFJxTn9iGMIdjeI_STn_mPMvzwjzcJRg37FSCBKmQ7nET5XQSgtIRhELVHS3d/s200/Good+Quotes.jpg" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">What's up when it feels like everything and nothing are both happening... Yeah.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<br />
Seeing as that I received a <strike>F </strike> lower-than-F (um, yeah), here's my study guide for the test that I'll take, surely without any sleep. Meanwhile, everything else in life is making no sense. Funny how that works. <br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<u><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b>Size of Cells</b></span></u><br />
* We want to maximize surface area to volume: a.k.a we want a greater surface area, rather than a larger volume, because for each square micrometer of membrane, only a limited amount of a particular substance can cross per second. <br />
<br />
*Parallel: If an average-sized person eats the same amount as an over-weight person, neither may lose any weight that day (without exercising). Either way, the average-sized person is better off -when we're considering what's going inside.<br />
<br />
Important sidenote: It's currently <a href="http://sacredscribesangelnumbers.blogspot.com/2011/08/angel-number-333.html" target="_blank">3:33 AM.</a> Last time I checked the clock, it was <a href="http://sacredscribesangelnumbers.blogspot.com/2011/07/angel-number-222.html" target="_blank">2:22 AM</a>. Thank you, angels (<span style="color: magenta;">kow</span>).<br />
<br />
*If a cell's volume increases, it's surface area increases, but at a decreased rate. If you continued to increase the cell's volume, it would soon be unable to efficiently exchange materials (ions, gases, nutrients, wastes) w/their environment, and it would die. This is why larger organisms don't generally have larger cells than smaller organisms; they simply have more cells.<br />
* A.K.A. As a cell grows, its <b>Surface Area:Volume</b> decreases; at some point in growth, its surface area is too small to supply its raw materials to its greater volume.<br />
*Parallel: The more you eat, the bigger & hungrier you become = the less food you'll have in your kitchen.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span><u><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red;"><b>ALL CELLS</b></span> (have this in common)</span></u><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: blue;">Cell Membrane: </span></span></b></div>
<br />
<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/9c/Cell_membrane_detailed_diagram_edit2.svg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="161" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/9c/Cell_membrane_detailed_diagram_edit2.svg" width="400" /></a>* regulates what comes in & out of cell, keeps material on either side<br />
* it's fluid, and it's always in movement<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
Made of 2 Things . . . </div>
~ <span style="color: #6aa84f;">Phospholipids</span><br />
- keeps water on either side, thus making the structure<br />
- hydrophilic (likes water) head, hydrophobic (hates water) tail <br />
- they float back & forth<br />
- allows the movement of material<br />
~ <span style="color: #3d85c6;">Proteins</span><br />
- allows material in<br />
- connects to material outside<br />
<br />
<u><span style="color: red;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Eukaryotic Cells: <span style="font-size: small;">People, Animals, Plants, Fungi (nice...), Protists</span></span></b></span></u><br />
*compartmentalization allows these cells to be larger (by *specialization & *surface area)<br />
* has a nucleus (where DNA is stored)<br />
* organelles (tiny organs that specialize in certain functions -e.g., smooth ER is an organelle)<br />
* linear chromosomes (rather than loops)<br />
* introns (sections of DNA that don't code genes)<br />
* cytoskeleton (gives it structure)<br />
<br />
<b><u>Cytoplasm A.K.A. Cytosol</u></b><br />
- Gooey liquid of the cell<br />
- Mostly water, thus dissolves materials and allows for diffusion from one place to another<br />
- Chalk full of enzymes, proteins, ribosomes<br />
<u><b><br /></b></u>
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><u>Cytoskeleton A.K.A. the Skeleton of the Cell</u></span></b><br />
- Gives structure and shape to the cell<br />
* All three components interact with each
other non-covalently.<br />
The cytoskeleton proteins
are multifunctional and are also involved in whole-cell movements and
movements of substances within the cell.<br />
<b>Three </b>main structural components of the cytoskeleton:<br />
<u><b>Microtubules (formed be actins) </b></u><br />
* found in all eukaryotic cells<br />
* hollow rods about 25 nm in diameter with 15nm lumen<br />
* structure: wall consists of 13 columns of tubulin molecules<br />
* wall of the tube is constructed from a globular protein called tubulin<br />
* each tubulin protein is a dimer (molecule made of 2 subunits) -each consisting of 2 slightly different polypeptides<br />
* microtubules grow in length by adding tubulin dimers<br />
* functions: maintenance of cell shape (compression-resisting); cell motility (as in cilia or flagella); chromosome movements in cell division; organelle movements<br />
<u><b>Microfilaments (formed by tubulins): two strands of pearls</b></u><br />
* two intertwined strands of actin, each a polymer of actin subunits<br />
* 7nm diameter<br />
Functions: maintenance of cell shape (tension bearing); changes in cell shape; muscle contraction; cytoplasmic streaming; cell motility (pseudopodia/fake foot); cell division<br />
<u><b>Intermediate filaments</b></u><br />
* fibrous proteins supercoiled into thicker cables<br />
* 8-12 nm<br />
* one of several proteins (such as keratins) depending on cell type<br />
* functions: maintanence of cell shape (tension bearing); anchorage of nucleus and certain other organelles; formation of nuclear lamina<br />
<br />
<br />
Endomembrane System includes:<br />
<ul>
<li>Rough ER</li>
<li>Smooth ER</li>
<li>Transport Vesicles</li>
<li>Golgi Apparatus</li>
<li>Lysosomes</li>
<li>Microbodies</li>
<li>Peroxisomes</li>
</ul>
Endomembrane System functions in part in:<br />
<ul>
<li>protein synthesis</li>
<li>protein modification</li>
<li>protein sorting</li>
<li>protein transport </li>
</ul>
<span style="color: blue;"></span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"></span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"></span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"></span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"></span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"></span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: blue;">Path of proteins through the Endomembrane System:</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;">Proteins are made on ribosomes bound to the RER and move through the endomembrane syystem, transported in vesicles (I'm so sure/wtf is going on here) to the golgi apparatus, to the plasma membrane, and out, yo.</span>
<span style="color: blue;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: blue;"><br /></span>
<u><span style="color: blue;"><b>Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - folded membrane</b><b> </b></span></u><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><b> Rough ER </b> </span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"> - makes proteins</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"> <span style="color: red;"><b>Ribosomes</b></span> (<span style="color: red;">protein synthesis/a.k.a. where proteins are produced) in the cytoplasm</span></span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><span style="color: red;"> * Made in the nucleolus </span></span><br />
<span style="color: red;"> *complexes made of ribosomal RNA and protein</span><br />
<span style="color: red;"> *free ribosomes (suspended in the cytosol)</span><br />
<span style="color: red;"> *bound ribosomes (attached to the outside of the endoplasmic reticulum or nuclear envelope) </span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"><b> Smooth ER</b></span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"> - makes lipids</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"> - makes steroids</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"> - metabolism or breaking-down of carbohydrates</span><br />
<span style="color: blue;"> - breaks down toxins inside the cell</span><br />
<br />
<b>Golgi Apparatus</b> (yeah, okay)<br />
* where proteins go (transported in vesicles) to be modified and packaged<br />
* where lysosomes (where material is broken-down) are produced<br />
<br />
<br />
<b><u>Lysosomes:</u> </b>a membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that an animal uses to digest (hydrolyze) macromolecules<br />
* hydrolytic enzymes and lysosomal membrane are made by rough ER and then transferred to the Golgi apparatus for further processing.<br />
* they also use their hydrolytic enzymes to recycle the cell's own organic material, a process called autophagy<br />
* with the help of lysosomes, the cell continually renews itself<b></b><br />
* has enzymes that work in oxygen-poor areas and lower PH<b><br /></b><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #38761d;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #38761d;"><b>Deals w/Energy:</b></span><br />
<span style="color: #38761d;"> <b> Mitochondria</b></span><br />
<span style="color: #38761d;"> - breaks down sugars from photosynthesis </span><br />
<span style="color: #38761d;"> - found in all Eukaryotic Cells </span><br />
<span style="color: #38761d;"> - makes ATP</span><br />
<span style="color: #38761d;"> - same size as bacteria and archaea</span><br />
<span style="color: #38761d;"> -they're folded to increase surface area</span><br />
<span style="color: #38761d;"> - some genes found here</span><br />
<span style="color: #38761d;"> <b> Chloroplasts</b></span><br />
<span style="color: #38761d;"> - found in plants</span><br />
<span style="color: #38761d;"> - some genes found here </span><br />
<span style="color: #38761d;"> - always present when there's photosynthesis </span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: red;"><u><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Nucleus</b></span></u></span><br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3vsxbze2UpaxK1Xt3QzcAqUVABGd7BpDzswitLWHyEghLNuhnXLUz78nEtKabV_loWzFzz2KSilj0Wk8L5AwGO2ZZXwYoHhzBBx8_AwfzQKOD8wW4VlUhZSR271dXSF1Gbjzg2IOuifa8/s1600/nucleus.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="237" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3vsxbze2UpaxK1Xt3QzcAqUVABGd7BpDzswitLWHyEghLNuhnXLUz78nEtKabV_loWzFzz2KSilj0Wk8L5AwGO2ZZXwYoHhzBBx8_AwfzQKOD8wW4VlUhZSR271dXSF1Gbjzg2IOuifa8/s320/nucleus.jpg" width="320" /></a><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DMd3mr6rQ2o">Quick & Simple Video: All About the Nucleus</a><br />
*contains most of the genes in the eukaryotic cell<br />
*most noticable organelle in a cell (average is 5um in diameter)<br />
<b>Nuclear envelope:</b> double membrane (each a lipid bilayer separated by a space of 20-40 um) enclosing the nucleus; perforated by pores (pore complex lines each pore and regulates the entry and exit of proteins and RNAs in the cell, as well as macromolecules); continuous with ER; separates its contents from cytoplasm<br />
<b>Nuclear lamina</b> (lines the surface of the nuclear envelope): netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus by supporting the nuclear envelope; helps organize genetic material so it functions efficiently.<br />
Nuclear matrix: framework of protein fibers; helps organize genetic material so it functions efficiently.<br />
<b>Nucleolus</b>: nonmembranous structure involved in production of ribosomes (ribosomal RNA); a nucleus has one or more nucleoli<br />
<b>Chromatin:</b> material consisting DNA and proteins; visible in a dividing cell as individual condensed chromosomes.<br />
<b>Chromosome:</b> DNA is organized into units called chromosomes. Each chromosome contains one long DNA molecule associated with many proteins<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<u><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red;"><b>Prokaryotic Cells: <span style="font-size: small;">Bacteria & Archaea</span></b></span></span></u><br />
* all small (to increase surface area)<br />
* evolved before Eukaryotic Cells<br />
* do not have double membrane<br />
* only one "naked" chromosome (circular molecule)<br />
* Cytoplasm<br />
* Their flagella rotate, unlike ours<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><b>Plant Cells:</b></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">* Thick Cell Wall </span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">* Chloroplast : </span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">* Mitochondria</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">* Vacuole </span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #674ea7;">VS.</span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: #674ea7;"><b>Animal Cells:</b></span></span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">* Mitochondria</span><br />
<span style="color: #674ea7;">*Centrioles </span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
... Just looked at the clock once again, while feeling sad. <a href="http://sacredscribesangelnumbers.blogspot.com/2011/09/angel-number-444.html" target="_blank">4:44 AM</a><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<b>Peroxisome:</b> a specialized metabolic compartment bounded by a single membrane, holds on to enzymes that require oxygen<br />
<ul>
<li>contain (oxidative) enzymes that remove hydrogen atoms from various substrates and transfer them to oxygen (O2), thus producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)</li>
<li>Take H --> O2 --> H202 </li>
<li>some peroxisomes use oxygen to break fatty acids down into smaller molecules that are transported to the mitochondria and used as fuel for cellular respiration</li>
<li>detoxify alcohol and other harmful compounds by transferring hydrogen from the poisons to oxygen</li>
<li>they also contain an enzyme that convert H2O2 to water</li>
<li> play a role in cholesterol synthesis and the digestion of amino acids</li>
<li>liver cells most likely have a lot of peroxisome</li>
</ul>
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: red;"><br /></span></b></span>
<u><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: red;">Random Stuff</span></b></span></u><br />
*Oxygen needs to get into a cell through diffusion (bc it doesn't have a charge)<br />
*Carbon Dioxide is going to get out of a cell (bc it doesn't have a charge)<br />
*Nucleus, Mitochondria, Chloroplasts = They all have double membranes<br />
<br />
<br />
<u><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></u>
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<u><span style="font-size: large;"><b>Chew on this...</b></span> (maybe while smoking?)</u></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
"Goal of life: increase surface area"</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Compartmentalization = parts within the parts . . . Think nesting dolls -and, while you're at it, remember love is all you need, at the end of the day -not made-up labels like Golgi Apparatus.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://gadgether.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/the-beatles-matryoshka-dolls.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="262" src="http://gadgether.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/the-beatles-matryoshka-dolls.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/zLGWyfGk_LU?rel=0" width="560"></iframe>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="color: magenta;">knock on wood</span></li>
</ul>
Sweetest Bondhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01458027807190201101noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2608314850303854868.post-31380554768732226182013-05-01T08:56:00.000-07:002013-05-01T08:56:20.136-07:00Enantiomers: The Twin Souls within Biology<div style="text-align: center;">
<object height="324" width="575"><param name="movie" value="http://videoplayer.vevo.com/embed/Embedded?videoId=USRV81300104&playlist=false&autoplay=0&playerId=62FF0A5C-0D9E-4AC1-AF04-1D9E97EE3961&playerType=embedded&env=0&cultureName=en-US&cultureIsRTL=False"></param>
<param name="wmode" value="transparent"></param>
<param name="bgcolor" value="#000000"></param>
<param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param>
<param name="allowScriptAccess" value="always"></param>
<embed src="http://videoplayer.vevo.com/embed/Embedded?videoId=USRV81300104&playlist=false&autoplay=0&playerId=62FF0A5C-0D9E-4AC1-AF04-1D9E97EE3961 &playerType=embedded&env=0&cultureName=en-US&cultureIsRTL=False" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true" allowscriptaccess="always" width="575" height="324" bgcolor="#000000" wmode="transparent"></embed></object>
<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/W7yCPP7d2pE?rel=0" width="560"></iframe></div>
Sweetest Bondhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01458027807190201101noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2608314850303854868.post-25971158268103640882013-04-25T17:53:00.001-07:002013-04-25T17:53:19.561-07:00Metric MeasurementsDensity = grams/cm^3
<a href="http://www.skoool.co.za/studynotes/maths/uploadedImages/DensityTriangle.gif" imageanchor="1" ><img border="0" src="http://www.skoool.co.za/studynotes/maths/uploadedImages/DensityTriangle.gif" /></a>Sweetest Bondhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01458027807190201101noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2608314850303854868.post-20383073978472417112013-04-24T17:46:00.000-07:002013-05-26T17:47:10.856-07:00To What Volume You Dilute A Solution<span class="autolabel"></span><span class="edible" type="string"></span><br />
<div class="text edible" id="yui_3_3_0_23_136961475399425">
To what volume should you dilute 20<img align="middle" alt="mL" class="done" src="http://session.masteringchemistry.com/render?expr=%7B%5Crm+mL%7D" /> of a 11.0<img align="middle" alt="M" class="done" src="http://session.masteringchemistry.com/render?expr=%7B%5Crm+M%7D" /> <img align="middle" alt="{\rm{H}}_2 {\rm{SO}}_4" class="done" src="http://session.masteringchemistry.com/render?expr=%7B%5Crm%7BH%7D%7D_2+%7B%5Crm%7BSO%7D%7D_4" /> solution to obtain a 0.140<img align="middle" alt="M" class="done" src="http://session.masteringchemistry.com/render?expr=%7B%5Crm+M%7D" /> <img align="middle" alt="{\rm{H}}_2 {\rm{SO}}_4" class="done" src="http://session.masteringchemistry.com/render?expr=%7B%5Crm%7BH%7D%7D_2+%7B%5Crm%7BSO%7D%7D_4" /> solution? </div>
<div class="text edible" id="yui_3_3_0_23_136961475399425">
</div>
<div class="text edible" id="yui_3_3_0_23_136961475399425">
<span class="yshortcuts cs4-visible" id="lw_1369614806779_1">Dilution Equation</span>: M1*V1 = M2*V2<br />
<br />
Find out what the final volume,V2, should be as a start.<br />
<br />
V2 = M1*V1 / M2<br />
<br />
= (11.0M)(20 <span class="yshortcuts cs4-visible" id="lw_1369614806779_2">mL</span>)/(0.140M)<br />
<br />
= 1571.42857 mL</div>
<div class="text edible" id="yui_3_3_0_23_136961475399425">
</div>
<div class="text edible" id="yui_3_3_0_23_136961475399425">
</div>
<div class="text edible" id="yui_3_3_0_23_136961475399425">
<b>* 1000 ml = 1 L</b></div>
<div class="text edible" id="yui_3_3_0_23_136961475399425">
<b></b></div>
<div class="text edible" id="yui_3_3_0_23_136961475399425">
<b></b></div>
<div class="text edible" id="yui_3_3_0_23_136961475399425">
<br />1571.42857 mL/1000 = 1.57142857 = <b>1.6 (rounded to two significant numbers)</b></div>
<div class="text edible" id="yui_3_3_0_23_136961475399425">
<br /></div>
Sweetest Bondhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01458027807190201101noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2608314850303854868.post-67675040341043843532013-04-24T17:32:00.000-07:002013-05-26T17:32:23.804-07:00Molarity of the Diluted Solution... <span class="autolabel"></span><span class="edible" type="string"></span><br />
<div class="text edible" id="yui_3_3_0_23_136961416810225">
If 3.5<img align="middle" alt="L" class="done" src="http://session.masteringchemistry.com/render?expr=%7B%5Crm+L%7D" /> of a 5.1<img align="middle" alt="M" class="done" src="http://session.masteringchemistry.com/render?expr=%7B%5Crm+M%7D" />
<img align="middle" alt="{\rm{SrCl}}_2" class="done" src="http://session.masteringchemistry.com/render?expr=%7B%5Crm%7BSrCl%7D%7D_2" /> solution is diluted to 40<img align="middle" alt="L" class="done" src="http://session.masteringchemistry.com/render?expr=%7B%5Crm+L%7D" /> , what is the molarity of the diluted solution? </div>
<div class="text edible" id="yui_3_3_0_23_136961416810225">
</div>
<div class="text edible" id="yui_3_3_0_23_136961416810225">
Molarity of Diluted Solution = 3.5 X 5.1 = 17.85 / 40 = .44625 = .45 Mor <br />
Molarity of Diluted Solution = 5.1M X (3.5/40)<br />
Molarity of Diluted Solution = .44625 M = .45 M (rounded to two significant numbers)<br />
</div>
Sweetest Bondhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01458027807190201101noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2608314850303854868.post-15605160089535981782013-04-24T17:21:00.000-07:002013-05-26T17:22:01.192-07:00Mass, Volume, & Molarity of a Solution: Stuff for CHEMISTS <div class="answer-given-body">
<div>
<b><span style="color: red;">A <span style="font-size: large;">chemist</span></span> </b><i>(ahem, I guarantee any non-chemist will not remember having done this equation during college/etc., even if he or she does it 100 times... and, if they do remember it, maybe they are a genius, but will they ever use it, ponder it, find happiness in life from remembering it...)</i> <b><span style="color: red;">wants to make 5.0<img align="middle" alt="L" class="done" src="http://session.masteringchemistry.com/render?expr=%7B%5Crm+L%7D" /> of a 0.270<img align="middle" alt="M" class="done" src="http://session.masteringchemistry.com/render?expr=%7B%5Crm+M%7D" /> <img align="middle" alt="{\rm{CaCl}}_2" class="done" src="http://session.masteringchemistry.com/render?expr=%7B%5Crm%7BCaCl%7D%7D_2" /> solution </span></b></div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color: red;">What mass of <img align="middle" alt="{\rm{CaCl}}_2" class="done" src="http://session.masteringchemistry.com/render?expr=%7B%5Crm%7BCaCl%7D%7D_2" /> (in <img align="middle" alt="{\rm g}" class="done" src="http://session.masteringchemistry.com/render?expr=%7B%5Crm+g%7D" />) should the chemist use?
</span></div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Given Volume of the solution , V = 5.0 L
</div>
<div>
Molarity of the solution , M = 0.270 M
</div>
<div>
Molar mass of CaCl2: 40.078 + 2(35.453) = 110.984 g /mol</div>
<div>
</div>
<div>
Mass of CaCl2 = (V) x (Molarity) x (Molar Mass of CaCl2) </div>
<div>
<span class="yshortcuts cs4-visible" id="lw_1369613145009_1"> </span></div>
<div>
<span class="yshortcuts cs4-visible" id="lw_1369613145009_1">5.0 X .270 X 110.984 = 149.8284 = 150 (rounded to two significant numbers) </span></div>
</div>
Sweetest Bondhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01458027807190201101noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2608314850303854868.post-20171235608511895202013-04-23T16:50:00.000-07:002013-05-26T16:51:35.219-07:00How Many Moles In A Solution... (Shout out to God for making this simple)Tidbits you can't simply live life without... . . . . . . . <br /><ul>
<li>The concentration of a solution is usually given in moles per litre (mol L-1 OR mol/L).
This is also known as molarity. </li>
<li>Concentration in mol/L or mol L<sup>-1</sup>, or Molarity, is given the symbol c (sometimes M).
<br /> Examples:<br /> [HCl] = 0.01 mol L<sup>-1</sup> (concentration implied by square brackets around formula)
<br /> or
<br /> c(HCl) = 0.01 mol L<sup>-1</sup> (c stands for concentration, formula given in brackets)
</li>
</ul>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>c = n ÷ V
</b></span><br /> <br /> c = concentration of solution in mol L<sup>-1</sup> (mol/L or M),
<br /> n = moles of substance being dissolved (moles of solute),
<br /> V = volume of solution in litres (L)<br />
<br />
moles of solute given molarity and volume of solution:<b><span style="font-size: large;"> n = c x V </span></b><br />
volume of solution given moles of solute and molarity: <span style="font-size: large;"><b>V = n ÷ c
</b></span><br />
<br />
<b>Example/s:</b><br />
<br />
How many moles of <img align="middle" alt="{\rm KCl}" class="done" src="http://session.masteringchemistry.com/render?expr=%7B%5Crm+KCl%7D" /> are contained in each of the following?<br />
<br />
<span style="color: red;">1.6<img align="middle" alt="L" class="done" src="http://session.masteringchemistry.com/render?expr=%7B%5Crm+L%7D" /> of a 0.92<img align="middle" alt="M" class="done" src="http://session.masteringchemistry.com/render?expr=%7B%5Crm+M%7D" />
<img align="middle" alt="{\rm KCl}" class="done" src="http://session.masteringchemistry.com/render?expr=%7B%5Crm+KCl%7D" /> solution </span><br />
<span style="color: red;"> </span><br />
<span style="color: red;"><b>.92M = n / 1.6L</b></span><br />
<span style="color: red;">or</span><br />
<span style="color: red;"><b>n = .92M X 1.6L</b></span><br />
<span style="color: red;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: red;"><b>n = 1.472 = 1.5</b> mol <i>(rounded to two significant numbers)</i></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #38761d;"><br /></span>
<span style="color: #38761d;">126<img align="middle" alt="mL" class="done" src="http://session.masteringchemistry.com/render?expr=%7B%5Crm+mL%7D" /> of a 1.73<img align="middle" alt="M" class="done" src="http://session.masteringchemistry.com/render?expr=%7B%5Crm+M%7D" />
<img align="middle" alt="{\rm KCl}" class="done" src="http://session.masteringchemistry.com/render?expr=%7B%5Crm+KCl%7D" /> solution </span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #38761d;">* <b class="equals">1 Liter = 1000 Milliliters</b></span><br />
<span style="color: #38761d;">* <b class="equals">1 Milliliter = 0.001 Liter</b></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #38761d;"><span class="equals">126mL = </span><span class="result_js_large" id="convert_result">0.126 liters</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #38761d;"><span class="result_js_large" id="convert_result">n = 1.73 X .126L</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: #38761d;"><span class="result_js_large" id="convert_result">n = .21798 = .218 mol (rounded to three significant numbers)</span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="color: blue;"><span class="result_js_large" id="convert_result">0.602<img align="middle" alt="L" class="done" src="http://session.masteringchemistry.com/render?expr=%7B%5Crm+L%7D" /> of a 2.0<img align="middle" alt="M" class="done" src="http://session.masteringchemistry.com/render?expr=%7B%5Crm+M%7D" />
<img align="middle" alt="{\rm KCl}" class="done" src="http://session.masteringchemistry.com/render?expr=%7B%5Crm+KCl%7D" /> solution
</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: blue;"><span class="result_js_large" id="convert_result">n = 2.0 X .602L</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="color: blue;"><span class="result_js_large" id="convert_result">n = 1.204 = 1.2 mol (rounded to two significant numbers) </span></span> Sweetest Bondhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01458027807190201101noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2608314850303854868.post-50118052203509278102013-04-21T03:18:00.001-07:002013-04-21T03:18:24.234-07:00The "Mole" Explained: Yay
<iframe width="640" height="480" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/xPdqEX_WMjo?rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>Sweetest Bondhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01458027807190201101noreply@blogger.com